Legal Aspects of Healthcare

Brett R. Myers Module 2 SLP BHM 443: Legal Aspects of Healthcare Dr. Holly Orozco 25 October 2010 Brett R Myers BHM 443 Dr. Holly Orozco There are 2 classifications of crimes that criminals in the United States can be charge with either a misdemeanor or a felony. Depending on what state someone commits a crime determines what classification of crime they are charged with. Many states take the crime and the max incarceration period into consideration when determining what to classify ones crime as.If one is charged with a misdemeanor they normally will not be incarcerated for longer than a year. Examples of misdemeanors are theft under a certain dollar amount, vandalism, public intoxication, and or reckless driving. The financial burden of a misdemeanor compared to a felony is lower as well. If charged with a felony they will normally stay long after a year. Examples of felonies could be money laundering, murder, or manslaughter. Under the classification of a felony some jurisdictions also classify felonies into degrees or grades of seriousness for example class 1-6 felony and aggravated felony.When a healthcare professional is charged with a crime there careers could potentially be over. In the state of New York when a healthcare professional commits a felony even if not deemed medical misconduct or even involving their practice their license to practice medicine can be revoked. The state of Arizona as well will revoke all license of a physician if charged with not only felonies but also has the choice even if convicted of a misdemeanor. The Food and Drug Administration does have the authority to disbar physicians who are committed of felonies in all states.With being Military a military physician can be held accountable in both civilian and military courts if charged with a crime. With doing my research over these questions to me the penalty for committing a simple misdemeanor can be pretty harsh on a physician.References http://www. craiggillespie. com/profes sional-licensing. html Collateral Consequences of Criminal Convictions of Physicians. (Michael S. Kelton 2006) http://www. superpages. com/supertips/definition-of-felony. html

Don’t Count Your Chicken Before They Are Hatched

DON’T COUNT YOUR CHICKEN BEFORE THEY ARE HATCHED Dongosu had just being promoted to the last call in secondary and he was preparing for his final exams which will make him gain admission into university. His parent were rich and they have pampered him, he spent most of his time watching films and playing games, so he has no time for his studies. At about a week to his final exams, he overheard some of his friend discussing about a man called scoopy who is an expert in sending malpractices’ to one during exams via mobile phone..Dongosu was happy to hear this, he collected all information needed about scoopy and he went to meet him concerning his final exams. Scoopy promised to send him the answers during the exam and they both agreed on the amount of money scoopy would collect. During the exam Dongosu would receive the answers as a text message and he would copy it into his exam booklet.After the exams, Dongosu boasted to everyone that his result would be the best in the state, he also told his parent he would like to throw up a party on the day the result would be out. His father called him and told him to be patient till when the result comes out. But he insisted that he would buy a projector and present the result in front of all his friends so that he can be recognized as the best student.On the day the result would be out, at about 5 minutes before the result will be projected ,all Dongosu’s friend were rejoicing and dancing merrily, the master of the ceremony announced the next item on the agenda, which is visiting the net and searching for Dongosu’s result, immediately his name was seen on the result list, the music was tune to a high level and people began to wait for his result to load on the computer, after the results loaded, Dongosu had fail in all his subject and he is to re-read the final class.Dongosu fainted immediately and he was rushed to the hospital, after several hours,he was revived back to life, he has been disg raced publicly, he apologized to his and he also told them about scopy. Scoopy was arrested and prosecuted he confessed that it was Dongosu’s friends who told him to Dongosu, so Dongosu faced his studies squarely and he learnt never to count his chickens before they are hatched.

Nigerias Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nigerias Business Environment - Essay Example Misrule compounded by corruption and uncertainty are wrecking chances for development in Nigeria (Iba, Louis; 2009). The image of Nigeria is one of poverty and anarchy. This is largely due to unemployment and political uncertainty. Except for oil and gas the country is known for little else although natural resources are in abundance. Population below poverty line is shown as 70%. The country keeps showing results and returning to shambles in turns. Nigeria has not shown consistency in economical reforms although it has made attempts to project oil and other natural resources for potential foreign investments (Doing Business in Nigeria, 2007). There is inconsistency in the business environment. It has not shown any progress in clearing IMF debts. IMF had instructed stringent measures to revive economy that included reforms in the banking sector (Nigeria Economy 2010). Well-informed Nigerians rue the years of instability since the 1950s when oil was discovered in Nigeria. However, people are poor and spend more time on earning for their daily necessities. Revenues from oil are spent on balancing for various loans taken for infrastructure. Talking of infrastructure, the country's aspirations for establishing railway network has not resulted in any concrete action. This has given rise to facilitating transportation by roads. However, majority of the roadways are in poor shape resulting in traffic snarls. The civilian government of the day is doing all it can to project the country as a safe and conducive destination for business. However, their clarion call is not yielding the desired effects. Western powers are cool to investing in a nation where political status is still seen as unstable (Nigeria Economy 2010). Western economies have shied away from directly doing business in Nigeria leaving it to Asians. Asians have been more forthcoming from the 1970s and enjoyed the fruits of doing business in Nigeria. Japan has showed some interest in doing business in Nigeria (Bala, Dr Julius J; 2003). Today, Nigeria is a progressive economy. However, the country is experiencing setbacks so it is unable to meet projected economical targets. The country needs to act on its initiatives for economical turnaround with gender-based schemes to attract greater foreign investment and participation (Nwoye, May; 2007). In spite of the political and economic status, Nigeria has a vibrant and innovative population. It is this effervescent attitude that provides the best hope for appropriate business environment in a country torn by decades of mistrust among its two main communities Islamic and Christianity. Business Prospects in Nigeria When President Olusegun Obasanjo was sworn in on 29 May 1999 his reformative measures instilled confidence and attracted foreign investments. Obasanjo quietly

Thomson one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thomson one - Essay Example It is worthwhile noting that, Disney’s success in its marketability is mainly through incorporation of certain key fundamental franchise approaches. Firstly, the company has ensured conformity with the US universal accounting principles. In addition, it fully maintained effective control over its internal financial reporting basing on the ICIF criteria issued by the COSO. Critically, the company conducts an internal appraisal of the efficiency of its financial reporting. Moreover, the company has engaged itself in the guard of its intellectual properties. It has done so through the registration of its business name, product design and the company’s trade mark. Consequently, the company has kept unnecessary competition at a distance through the enjoyment of the above intellectual rights. Secondly, Disney ensures that the management exercises its responsibility of expressing estimations on the said audits in accordance with the PCAOB in the US. Consequently, the management could plan and conduct the audits; hence, it obtained a rational assurance of the lack of material misstatement in their financial statements. In addition, it could ascertain the efficiency its internal control of financial reporting in totality. Significantly, their financial statements entail a thorough examination of the evidence attached to the amounts and the financial statement’s disclosures. Accordingly, they are able to evaluate the employed accounting principles and the made momentous estimates. Moreover, they evaluate the presentation of the financial statement in totality. Finally, the company’s audit of control over internal financial reporting relies on realizing an understanding of control over internal financial reporting. In addition, they review the risk of the existence of a material risk. They also investigate and evaluate the organization and effectiveness of the operations of internal control according to the assed risk. It is significant

American Political Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Political Thought - Essay Example Ever since Cain killed Abel, it became necessary to protect future Abels, and to restrain the Cains. And after the concept of private property became established, it became crucial to protect that as well. Thus was born the 'state'. The government is the manifest spirit of the state - constituted by a group of people who represent it. The legitimacy of the state and its government is thus based on the interests of the people it serves; and this dictum holds true for even the most autocratic state governed by the most despotic of rulers. Is the role of the government, one of mere maintenance - of peace and security, and private property, or should it concern itself with much more than that Let us examine this question, with reference, primarily, to the views of Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) a naturalist and 'philosopher cum political theorist' (perhaps the term reminds us of the Platonic, 'Philosopher-King Though Thoreau himself would have been quite appalled to have himself be compared to any 'king', despite the addition of the title 'philosopher'!) Thoreau's views on the state, which are set down in his work Civil Disobedience, influenced not only Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King, but also those who struggled for the abolition of apartheid in South Africa, and more recently into the '70's and till today - those (especially in America) who have taken an ethical stand against war. Thoreau unequivocally rejected the right of the state to impose taxes, and stated that "that government is best which governs the least" (website thinkexist.com) The immediate reason for Thoreau's writing, summarily rejecting the authority of the state was on account of his being imprisoned (this was only for a day, as he was bailed out by his family, much to his discomfiture!). He had refused to pay a poll tax, and his refusal was a deliberate act of defiance, as he stated that the government had no right to tax him. He declared that it was against his conscience to pay taxes to a government, which indulged in acts he did not approve of. Although the government, especially in a democracy, represented the voice of the people, Thoreau stated that it also stood for the interests of elite politicians, which he was in no way ready to support. He went to the extent of arguing that even if the government did right, and followed the will of the majority, those who chose to disagree with the majority also had their right to not follow the diktats of this majority as expressed through the government; they (the minority) should be permitted to live on their own, unconnected with the state. (McElroy) He was, in fact, recommending a situation of peaceful and constructive anarchy, where each individual could choose to dwell within or without the 'confines' (in the abstract and not a physical sense) of the state, as he pleased. What did Thoreau find so repugnant with the government of his day He objected to the government's support and continuance of slavery and also the Mexican-American war. Thoreau wrote his Civil Disobedience roughly fifteen years before slavery was abolished in the US, and the debate over its abolition was just gaining momentum. Apart from this, the government had embarked on a policy of expansion, based on a common perception that it was the "Manifest Destiny" (McElroy) of America to expand and bring under control the native populations. In this process, Texas was annexed, and this led to a

How can time management increase efficiency Essay

How can time management increase efficiency - Essay Example Periodic events and periodic motion have been used as standard for units of time. The motion of sun across the sky, the phases of the moon, and the swing of a pendulum are all examples of such events. The unit of time interval is defined as a certain number of hyperfine transitions in Cesium atoms. Time is a prime motivation in astronomy. Time has economic value as people value time in terms of money. Time has social significance and time influences decisions in everyday life. Time has personal value as people are aware of the limited time that each one has at disposal in a human lifetime. A question that often arises in the mind is how does time flow? Is time understood only by those who have time? Is there no passage of time for beings that do not have mind? Can time be defined relative to the instrument that measures time? We perceive time as flowing in smooth and perpetual continuous motion. The passage of time appears to us humans as a flow. Can this flow change? Everything moves all the time. It was initially measured by the movements of the sun and the moon. The passage of time is measured by hours, days, weeks, months and years. According to physics, time is measured based on the revolutions and rotations of the planets or the heavenly bodies (Heller, 2006). The current time measurement can be dated back to the Sumerian civilization of approximately 2000 B.C. This is known as the Sumerian Sexagesimal System based on the number 60. There are sixty seconds in a minute and sixty minutes in an hour. Number twelve also has importance in the definition of time as there are twelve hours of the day and twelve hours of night. There are twelve months in a year. The passage of time is supposed to change us in significant ways. Human have been measuring time since the beginning of civilizations all over the world. In ancient days time was measured with the help of sundials placed above the doorways which could identify the mid-day

Descartes Discourse on the Thinking and Existence Essay

Descartes Discourse on the Thinking and Existence - Essay Example Descartes goes ahead to explore the origin of the human thinking ability in order to justify the perfection of knowing than doubting. He explains that by doubting we get to come up with explanations that lead to knowing. This leads him to the conclusion that the ideas of the imaginable things exist within him, but they do not originate from him, rather they are imposed on him by a more perfect being than him (God). The incorporation of Descartes existence with God is quite convincing. He argues that since he knew more than what actually existed in his conscience, then it meant the extra knowledge was derived from an external source. If the external source did not exist, it should mean that he could not have been the way he was; mortal, changing, finite and impotent. God according to him added unto him the perfection that he needed to erase doubt from his mind. So one’s nature will allow him/her to know as much of God’s nature as he/she could. Descartes in his quest to discover more about himself ends up proving that God exists. I agree with him because he clearly outlines man’s imperfections, thus looks up to God for guidance in almost everything. However, a person’s thinking limits them within a very short scope of imagination that they end up not questioning what they think is true. We are so much rooted in our cultures and superstitions until we are rendered intellectually impaired.  

Business Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Business Ethics - Assignment Example Moral rights can be defined as right of any creative artist or author to protect ownership or integrity of their respective work. It was introduced by the Copyright Act in the year 1968 and deals with protection of work given to its creators. Human right on the other hand is a right that belongs to every individual. These are norms or moral principles that describe specific human behavior standards and are protected on a continuous basis as legal rights in international and national law (O’Sullivan, Smith & Esposito, 2012). All these four factors are inter-related and aim towards the same goal. A right, legal right, moral right and human right are based on the concept of ethics. This is the factor which binds all the four elements. All the four aspects guides human behavior and is a framework of morals and values. It can also be stated that ethics within an individual is formed on the basis of these elements. A right can be stated as an entitlement that is treated in a particular way. There are certain characteristics that define moral rights such as it is natural, equal and inalienable. It possesses the characteristics of being natural as it is discovered and not created by an individual. This is often regarded as moral realism. Moral rights can also be stated as equal and this factor differentiates this right from the rest. Equality in this right refers to no such discrimination being done at the time of distribution of this right amongst individuals. The other characteristic that defines moral rights is the factor of inalienable. This factor states that moral rights cannot be taken away from an individual without his or her consent. However these moral rights can be voluntarily surrendered by an individual. These characteristics states that in order to define a moral right it is important that possession criterion are analyzed well by an individual. The criteria should be relevant and aligned with the moral

Synthisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Synthisis - Essay Example Facebook makes a person or a student happy and helps them go through life challenges. It also helps freshmen to adapt faster to their new stage in life, as explained in â€Å"Facebook and first year college students†. In spite of the criticisms against social websites, these sites help many people such as students in dealing with stressful situations and life challenges through constant communication between peers who pass advisory information. In Konnikova’s article, she talks about how everyone who joins Facebook sought not to be sad or depressed, but becomes inflected after a while. She quotes, â€Å"the more people used Facebook in the time between the two texts, the less happy they felt—and the more their overall satisfaction declined from the beginning of the study until its end. The data, he argues, shows that Facebook was making them unhappy.†(Ethan Kross). I do not agree with her, the problem is that it becomes an obsession or an addiction to check Facebook more and more to see what people have written on their walls and keep track on a crush or a loved one. I do not believe this form of unhappiness can be attributed to the social media website but from the individual self who gets too close to a website that has no feelings or affection. In the article about college students, Facebook helps first year college students overcome the major change in their lives. â€Å"An estimated 17 million Americans attend college each year, of whom, approximately 3.5 million are first-year students† (U.S. Census Bureau, 2008). It also helps them to overcome challenges and depression when facing the changes and moving away from home. This is mainly achieved through reading memorable messages, or seeing a picture that will keep them going forward and help them in focusing in their educational goals. Personally, I can relate to this point in that social media helped me to get in touch with peers and professors. Furthermore, it

The Negative Causes, effects and sides of Onechild law in China Research Paper

The Negative Causes, effects and sides of Onechild law in China - Research Paper Example cts Negative Population Implications Negative Economic Effects ‘Little emperor syndrome’ – kids spoilt, lack social skills Increased pressure on kids to get good qualifications, well paid jobs, provide for parents in old age Human rights issues and abuses – shouldn’t everyone have the right to have as many kids as they want? Also looking at abuses, e.g. forced sterilisation, abortions, Imbalanced gender ratio = 119.2 boys for every 100 girls – due to abortions of girl pregnancies, abandoning girl babies. Also created ‘bride shortage’ with 10% more men in population than women Current fertility decline now stands at 1.47, below replacement fertility level of 2.1 kids Rapid aging population; Currently 10.5% of population over 65 (was 7.6% 2 decades ago) Set to grow to 15% in 2015, 20% by 2025 and 35% by 2050 4-2-1 problem of supporting elderly relatives – financial problems 1.34 billion Yuan in 1990 spent on government alloca tion for birth control programmes, grew to 4.82billion Yuan by 1998, still increasing now Rural consequences of only having 1 kid - loss of income on farm, labour needed to work on farm/ in agriculture Process Style Outline Negative Effects of China’s One Child Policy Social Effects ‘little emperor syndrome’ Over reliance on children from one child families Human rights violations Effects on China’s Population Structure Gender imbalance ratio – fewer girls – boys valued more, baby girl infant mortality Fertility levels fallen below replacement levels Rapidly aging population Economic Effects Family cost/consequence of only having one child State financial and political costs of administering policy Rural populations – need more kids to help out on farm, agriculture, etc Key Underline Thesis Statement Three decades after its implementation, there is a growing concern amongst researchers and citizens that China’s One Child Policy is having negative effects on Chinese society, its economy and future population trends. It is the aim of this report to discuss the consequences of such an unprecedented policy. ‘China’s One Child Policy was introduced in 1979 by the People’s Republic of China’ (Rosenberg, 2011). It was initially designed as a temporary measure to slow population growth at the start of the Chinese economic reforms (Feng, 2005). This was because China’s population had almost doubled from 563 million in 1950, to one billion by 1980 (Rosenberg, 2010). The policy has resulted in 90% of urban and 60% of rural children having no siblings (Chen, 2000) and China now has one of the lowest fertility rates (1.47 children per couple) in the world (Feng, 2005). According to Li et al (2005), ‘China’s One Child Policy is the largest and most extreme social experiment in population growth control via government intervention in human reproduction history’. Howev er, three decades after its implementation, there is a growing concern amongst researchers and citizens as to the negative effects such a policy has had on Chinese society, its economy and future population structure. It is the aim of this report to discuss the consequences of such an unprecedented policy. There are many negative consequences of China’s One Child Policy relating to the social structure of Chinese society. Chen (2000) believes that ‘

The unpredictable course of revenge In the play Essay Example for Free

The unpredictable course of revenge In the play Essay In the play, Hamlet, Shakespeare is depicting revenge as something that is inevitable and starts a chain of reaction that ends in self-destruction. In the process of revenge there are foreign agents that are also trapped as the revenge progresses. This is when the play is at its peak. The eventual result is death of everyone with the exception of minor character, which played key role in the main characters development. In this case it is Horatio, Hamlets life long friend. The one common thing in the play is that the eldest son in each of the three families is avenging the death of their father. see more:theme in hamlet When Hamlet was in the process to take revenge of his father another action occurred, the killing of Polonious by Hamlet who is Laertes father. This shows how one revenge leads to another. Throughout the play Hamlet is slowed by many choices he has to make. One example is when he gets the chance to kill Claudius while he was in prayer he did not act. He did this because he wanted more than revenge that is he wanted Claudius to suffer eternally in hell. As Hamlet says, Now might I do it pat, now he is praying; And now Ill dot. And so he goes to heaven; And so am I revenged. That would be scannd: A villain kills my father; and for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send To heaven (Act 3, Scene 3) There are many motives behind Hamlets revenge against Claudius. Apparently it seems that Hamlet wants only to kill Claudius but as the quote below describes Hamlet is depressed on the surface but inside him there is more trouble, because of his love of Ophelia. How is it that the clouds still hang on you? Hamlet: Not so, my lord; I am too much Im the sun. (Act 1, Scene 3) Here he is trying to conceal the real reason and is feigning madness. Hamlet wants Claudius to think that he is depressed because of death of his father. Another reason for his slowness is that he has inner conflict that he is unstable about. He is asking himself should he just take what fate has for him or should he try to change it. As Hamlet says in his speech To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep (Act 3, Scene 1) This is where he is thinking about the reality of life and asking himself should he face it or not. Hamlet determination for the revenge is so intense that he is asking is life worth living. Hamlet says, What is a man, If his chief good and market of his time Is but to sleep and feed? A beast, no more. (Act 4, Scene 4) Here he is asking that man only sleeps and eats that is all he does in a nutshell. He wants to know if this is the kind of life worth living. This shows that to Hamlet life is more than sleep and feed. It should be combination of more than these two things. He seems to be balancing his act of revenge against life. To him it makes sense because at least he will do something in life that is worth it, that is take revenge against his fathers death. In those days people were very religious and they adhere to their religion in every aspect of their life. That is why Hamlet does not kill Claudius right away because he wants to do it justly according to the Christian religion. This leads Hamlet to first prove Claudius guilt by performing a mock play and telling his friend, Horatio, to observe Claudius reactions as if they are guilty or not. Hamlet gets a second chance to kill Claudius but he forfeits the opportunity. Laertes is silent in the sense of what he is doing. He is a very respected in the court of the King because before going to France he asks the King for permission. Laertes also has good morals because of the advice he gives to his sisters. But as time goes by he starts to change because he got trapped in the chain reaction of Hamlet. Laertes life changes dramatically after his father polonius is killed by Hamlet by accident as the quote says, How now! A rat? Dead, for a ducat, dead (Act 3, Scene 4). Hamlet kills Polonius by accident. In the aftermath Ophelia drowns herself. Laertes and polonious have a very good relationship because he gives a fatherly advise to his son Laertes. In a way polonious also cares about his son because he sends Reynaldo to spy on him. This might seemed like a bad idea but it was normal in those days. After the death of Polonius Laertes blames Claudius for his fathers killing but King Claudius tells him that it was Hamlet who was behind the killing. This is when the play takes another turn because Claudius makes a scheme to kill Hamlet by poisoning him. As Laertes puts it: It is here, Hamlet: Hamlet, thou art slain; No medicine in the world can do thee good (Act 5, Scene 2) This is when Laertes is talking to Hamlet and tells him that he will poison him with venom that no medicine will come to his rescue. This shows dramatic change in Laertes attitude, which lead him to the revenge mode. Shakespeares implied message is that revenge is something that has unpredictable course and inevitably leads to involvement of others that are not relevant to the revenge. Hamlet only wanted to take revenge against Claudius but in the process he ends up killing Polonius. He had not in mind to kill him but circumstances lead him to a path that changed his life. This in turn has the domino affect because Ophelia drowns herself because of esoteric reasons presumably because of her fathers death.

The Isolation of Bacteria from Sewage water

The Isolation of Bacteria from Sewage water The Isolation of Bacteria from Sewage water for the decomposition of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) plastic films Chapter I- Introduction BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Plastic is lightweight, durable and impermeable. These qualities have made plastic a preferable material for society. But the abundant production of plastic due to the great demand of society means an excessive deal of disposal as well. The use of these lightweight, inexpensive materials are as single-use items that will go to the garbage dump within a year, where they’ll persist for centuries. This imposes a threat to the health of people, animals, and the environment. Most plastic bags are made from polyethylene (PE) which is a polymer consisting of long chains of the monomer ethylene (Burd, 2008). A molecule of Polyethylene is made up of a long chain of carbon atoms with one hydrogen atom attached to each carbon atom. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is one kind of Polyethylene material that is used for making plastic products such as shopping bags, shampoo bottles, etc. (Freudenrich, Ph.D, 2011). HDPE plastic bags have a high melting point and tensile strength, making it difficult to be decomposed, which is a problem in maintaining the cleanliness of the environment. Wastewater comes from two major sources: human sewage and process waste from manufacturing industries. Waste water treatment involves containing naturally occurring bacteria and microbes at a high concentration in tanks to form active sludge. The bacteria in the sludge feed on the carbon molecules from the waste in order to grow, thus, cleansing the waste water (Davies B.Sc, Ph.D, 2005) Previous studies have also shown that plastics that end up in landfills degrade due to certain types of carbon-thriving bacterium that break down the plastic into simpler and safer forms such as water and alcohol. Since High Density Polyethylene plastic is basically made up of carbon molecules, and sewage water contains various bacterium that are used for wastewater treatments it can be concluded that certain bacterium in sewage water can be utilized in degrading HDPE plastic bags. GENERAL PROBLEM What is the effect of the isolated bacteria from the sewage water to the HDPE plastic in terms of weight? SUB PROBLEMS 1. How many types of decomposing bacteria can be found in the sewage water? 2. What would be the most effective decomposing bacteria for HDPE plastic that may be found in sewage water? 3. How much weight loss will HDPE plastic have with the help of these decomposing bacteria? OBJECTIVES 1. To identify and isolate the PE- degrading bacteria in sewage water. 2. To discover a way to utilize bacteria in decomposing plastic waste. 3. To identify strains of bacteria that is not considered as PE degrading bacteria SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study shows the importance of the presence of bacteria in sewage water. It may not be the reason for people to avoid the contamination of bodies of water but it may be an assurance that HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) plastic films will degrade through the existence and exposure of cultured bacteria in sewage water. The strains of bacteria will be isolated and identified then will be used to decompose plastic and make sure that the strain of bacteria is the main cause for its degradation and weight loss. It is common knowledge to know that PE degrading bacteria are present in landfill but there are questions to people if PE degrading bacteria are consistently present in bodies of water, and if the strains of bacteria that inhabit water largely affect the decomposition of plastic films, these questions will be answered after the experimentation. The study can be more interesting if the resulting isolated bacteria are not described as PE degrading bacteria. It will be a new disco very because the identified bacteria will be considered as a new medium for decomposition. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS In the said study, the researchers are focused in isolating bacteria and using it as a decomposer of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) plastic bags. They are limited to utilizing samples from sewage water, with the assumption that it contains various kinds of microorganisms, as a source of the bacteria that they will need in decomposing the said plastic. The researchers are also limited to using High-density Polyethylene bags which is known for its high density and strong tensile strength. Furthermore, due to its high density, this kind of plastic is not easily decomposed making it as a problem in maintaining the cleanliness of the environment. Chapter II- Review of Related Literature Plastic Plastic is a lightweight, impermeable and durable material. It has many uses to society most commonly for packaging and storage. It is presented in a variety of ways depending on the mixture and the chemical bonds. The chemical bonds of plastic make it slow down the degrading process making the high production of this material harmful to the environment. It is harmful especially when it is not disposed properly. Most plastics have organic polymers. Most of these polymers have either chains of carbon dioxide alone or with oxygen, sulphur and or nitrogen. Polyethylene Polyethylene is the most common plastic used today. Approximately 80 million tons of it is produced yearly. Its main use is for packaging. It commonly has a long carbon chain with two hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom in the chain. It is chemically synthesized from ethylene, which is a compound usually made from petroleum or natural gas. HDPE When there are no long chains of polyethylene branching from the carbon atoms the polyethylene is now classified as linear polyethylene. It is more costly than LDPE but even though it is costly it is sturdier. Linear polyethylene is made by a procedure called Ziegler-Natta Polymerization. Water Water has the chemical equation H2O. It covers 71% of the earth’s surface. It is in liquid form at standard pressure and temperature. Water is also a necessity of all biotic forms in the earth. Water moves continually through the water cycle. Sewage Water Sewage water is carried waste in the form of solution or suspension. It is from man’s waste from his daily activities. Classes of sewage include sanitary, commercial, industrial, agricultural and surface runoff. The wastewater from residences and institutions, carrying body wastes (primarily feces, urine and semen), washing water, food preparation wastes, laundry wastes, and other waste products of normal living, are classed as domestic or sanitary sewage. Liquid-carried wastes from stores and service establishments serving the immediate community, termed commercial wastes, are included in the sanitary or domestic sewage category if their characteristics are similar to household flows. Wastes that result from an industrial process or the production or manufacture of goods are classed as industrial wastewater. Their flows and strengths are usually more varied, intense, and concentrated than those of sanitary sewage. Surface runoff, also known as storm flow or overland flow, is that portion of precipitation that runs rapidly over the ground surface to a defined channel. Precipitation absorbs gases and particulates from the atmosphere, dissolves and leaches materials from vegetation and soil, suspends matter from the land, washes spills and debris from urban streets and highways, and carries all these pollutants as wastes in its flow to a collection point. Bacteria Bacteria are from the Kingdom of Prokaryotes. They are very abundant in the earth and are one of the very first life forms to exist. Usually a few millimetres long and are spherical, rod or spiral in form. They may be found in almost every habitat. They play a big role in recycling nutrients like in the conversion of compounds and in the fixation of nitrogen. These bacteria can adapt to environmental conditions very well and survive wherever they are placed. CHAPTER III- MATERIALS AND METHODS In making this experiment, the researchers must prepare the following materials the sample bottle must be prepared for the collection of sewage water. It has to be properly labeled to avoid misuse/confusion. The researchers will get the plastic films from a plastic processor and distributor. The next steps would be with a help of a certified scientist. In the isolation of the bacteria, either way for a dilute sample such as water you would probably have to concentrate the sample. It is best to have a few liters of sample. First filter out the particulate matter with a 20 uM filter, then you can use water sampling nitrocellulose filter disc of 0.2 um. This probably needs a vacuum pump to draw the water through. You can then rinse this disc or swab it with a moist swab and use a series of dilutions to inoculate agar plates. Take a 10 ul drop and spread it out over the agar plate using a sterilized spreader. The agar i use for water samples is mostly very dilute in nutrients so that I do not have an overgrowth of one type of bacteria. I have used 1/5th strength nutrient agar, that is the nutrients do not dilute the agar strength. There are a whole variety of water based agars but the ISP2 media diluted to 1/4 strength was one of the best.. You can also take some of the waste water and filter it and use it for making wastewater agar to see if this will produce any colonies or try adding a very small amount of diluted nutrients. As above you can also use a host of diagnostic agars to see if there are any particular groups of organisms in the water. Another factor is the temperature of incubation. This is probably the best temperature to isolate the most organisms. Use room temperature incubati on or 10C incubation to isolate the widest variety of organisms. If you use 37C you will probably only select out a few organisms. The researchers may try some under anaerobic conditions also if they have anaerobic jars. Generally at low temperatures colonies might not develop for a few weeks, so after a day you might have to wrap your plates with parafilm or keep them in moist conditions to prevent them drying out. Flowchart

Stereotypies: Antecedents and Consequences in Domestic Dog

Stereotypies: Antecedents and Consequences in Domestic Dog Stereotypies their antecedents and consequences in the domestic dog (Canis Familiaris) 1 Chapter 1: Introduction (2000 words) 1424 1.1 Repetitive Behaviours 2 The simplest behaviours are repetitive including normal play but this usually has a challenge, an example is avoiding cracks in the pavement (Williams and Hill, 2012). There are many kinds of repetitive behaviour, when learning a trick the behaviour is practiced until the whole trick is flawless. Many believe that the young play as a way of practicing the skills needed when adults; however research by Fagen (1981) and Smith (1982) found that â€Å"play is not practice†. 1.1.1 Normal behaviours Normal behaviour is essential to promote an animal’s psychological and physical homeostasis so the animal can interact with and modify its environment. One of the five freedoms used to assess animal welfare is the ability to express normal behaviours (FAWC, 2009). However, the definition of normal behaviours in human terms is relative to a person’s culture and age and may be related to an animal’s culture. Kilgour (2012) asserts the definition of normal behaviour is not straightforward; however, an ethogram of domestic animals nearest wild relatives gives some idea of an animal’s different behaviours and time budgets. Lindsay (2001:pp.40-42) provides a dog ethogram of ‘normal behaviours’. Daily activity for dogs and their owners tends to vary day to day but over the seven days affords a more constant estimate of activity (Dow et al., 2009) this indicates that many companion dogs’ activities tend to be routine. Stressed dogs frequently find grooming calming, if the stress is long term this can lead to over grooming causing hair loss and damage to the skin. 1.1.2 Abnormal behaviours Abnormal behaviours are those that are atypical of animal’s in the wild (Birkett and Newton-Fisher, 2011). Abnormal repetitive behaviours are unvarying and apparently functionless that can be readily interrupted, whereas for stereotypy the behaviour must be difficult to interrupt (Mason and Latham, 2004; Haverbeke et al., 2008) these can be either impulsive/compulsive or stereotypies (Garner, 2006). 1.1.3 Stereotypic behaviours Stereotypic behaviours are all repetitive unexplained behaviours but are not necessarily predictable (Bergeron et al., 2006). Repetitive stereotypic behaviours may be symptomatic of stress but may not necessarily be a problem (Rooney et al., 2009), in the dog this could be grooming to relieve stress and only becomes a problem if it results in hair loss or damage to the skin. 1.1.4 Stereotypies Many people understand the term stereotypy to indicate that an individual exhibits a problem behaviour. 1.1.5 The Evolutionary view of Stereotypy Japyassà º and Malange (2014) write that from the evolutionary view the term abnormal behaviour should be avoided, because phenotypic diversity in genes, morphology and behaviour are major forces driving evolution. Phenotypic diversity is important as enables an organism to adapt to new environments; those behaviours that seem abnormal now could become the new normal depending upon evolutionary selection. The apparent lack of function in behaviour is questionable as eventually some function may be determined, or help in coping with stress or a means of communication. The function of stereotypes may also be revealed in unexpectedly perhaps related to communication (Japyassà º and Malange, 2014). 1.1.6 The Ethological and Animal Welfare view of Stereotypy The animal welfare view is that stereotypies are abnormal, functionless repetitive behaviours (Japyassà º and Malange, 2014). look for another ref. The ethological view is that stereotypies are repetitive behaviours that are unchanging irrespective of the context (Japyassà º and Malange, 2014). These views are drawn together by Mason (1991) defining stereotypy as repetitive, unvarying, uninterruptable behaviours with no apparent proximate or ultimate function. However, Rapp and Vollmer (2005) write that frequently stereotypic behaviours provides their own reinforcement and not social consequences. 1.1.7 What are Impulsive/Compulsive Behaviours Impulsive/compulsive repetitive behaviours are variable and have a goal directed; but the behaviour persists even after the achieving the goal or the goal becomes inappropriate (Garner, 2006). 1.1.8 Impulsive repetitive behaviours Impulsive repetitive behaviours are identified in humans with Tourette’s syndrome manifesting as complex tics, or as trichotillomania, hair plucking. 1.1.9 Difference between Impulsive/Compulsive Behaviours Clinically the distinction between impulsive and compulsive repetitive behaviours is important, however differentiating them is more complex in animals than in humans (Garner, 2006). 1.1.10 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Mills and Luescher (2006) state that stereotypy and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are hard to differentiate Eilam et al. (2012) add that OCD is a disabling condition affecting the sufferer’s quality of life. Ethology is the study of animal behaviour aiming to understand proximate and the ultimate causes of behaviours; the concept of the ethogram methodology is extended to the study of OCD behaviour (Eilam et al., 2012). Observations by Eilam et al. (2006) showed animals performing rigid behaviour sequences in specific locations, according to Kalueff et al. (2007) these are the spatiotemporal and locomotor characteristics of OCD. 1.1.11 What is the difference between OCB and stereotypy Chok and Koesler (2014) used functional analysis to assess the differences between stereotypy and obsessive compulsive behaviours (OCB) by identifying physiological states internal (heart rate) and external (defined by facial expression or vocalisations). Signs of pleasure were regarded as a measure positive reinforcement, hence stereotypy and of displeasure regarded as signs of OCB. 1.1.12 Obsessive-Compulsive Behaviours (OCB) Humans exhibiting obsessive-compulsive behaviours (OCB) are aware that these behaviours are irrational but are unable to resist their compulsion to continue to perform the behaviour. 1.2 Stereotypies and the environment 1.2.1 Maternal Deprivation Captive animals particularly in commercial environments but including companion animals are frequently removed from their mothers earlier than would occur in the wild (Latham and Mason, 2008). Maternal deprivation leads to an increase in the frequency and severity stereotypes these can be short term as with belly-nosing in piglets or can cause neural changes inducing later persistent stereotypes (Latham and Mason, 2008). The relationship between the animal’s stereotypic behaviour and the environmental deficit is not always clear. Wiedenmayer (1997) found that providing a substrate suitable for digging did not reduce stereotypies in gerbils but providing a tunnel system did. Digging was not the controlling motivation just means to achieve a burrow. 1.2.2 Stereotypy: Interdisciplinary Communication The term stereotypy has different uses in different research areas ethological, medical and animal welfare; there is not even an agreement about including lack of function or abnormality in the definition (Japyassà º and Malange, 2014). Edwards et al. (2012) asserts the lack of a consistent definition for stereotypies is insufficient for both academic and medical diagnostic purposes. 1.3 Stereotypies Behaviours 1.3.1 Ungulate stereotypies Ungulates are the most common mammal exhibiting stereotypy; many ungulate stereotypies tend to resemble species typical feeding and foraging behaviours (Bergeron et al., 2006). Examples of typical stereotypies for ungulates are given in Table 1. Cattle at pasture spend between 7 to 9 hours grazing and similar time ruminating; possibly herbivores have evolved to require a minimum feeding period each day (Redbo and Nordblad,1997). This could explain the number of oral stereotypies reported for animals fed on a concentrate food with restricted roughage as their time budget eating and ruminating is less that at pasture. Table 1: Examples of ungulate stereotypy 1.3.2 Carnivore stereotypies Some species of carnivores do well in captivity do not exhibit abnormal behaviours and breed successfully. While carnivores that have high activity levels and patrol large ranges have high levels of stereotypy. Vickery and Mason (2005) found carnivore stereotypies are mostly locomotory pacing and weaving, other reported stereotypies was some oral and head swaying. Clubb and Mason (2007) found the carnivore stereotypy levels are significantly predicted by their typical travel distances and natural home-range size. Perhaps some species are unsuitable for zoos and should be conserved in large areas that enable their natural behaviours. 1.4 Overall Research Aims 1.4.1 Relationship between breed type and stereotypy To try to measure the spread of different stereotypies across breed groups. It has been found that some breeds have their own particular set of stereotypes for example flack sucking in Doberman Pinchers (Houpt, 1992). 1.5 Outline Research Methods and Timescales 1.5.1 Research method A questionnaire will be used to measure the relationship between breed type and the stereotypy emitted. The survey was initially created using several survey software programs available online; many were restricted either the number of questions asked or the variety of question types was limited, or the resultant output file was not in a format readily converted for SPSS. Eventually Google Docs was selected and the survey created and was piloted on social media the resulting file of about 20 responses was downloaded in text format that could be readily input into a spreadsheet which then needs to be reformatted for input into SPSS for processing. The questionnaire included some questions that had open questions in the form of the ‘other’ option a free text input area. This was to allow flexibility and for respondents to feel empowered and encourage more accurate replies. This means these responses need interpreting and the formation of new categories or allocated to avai lable options for processing (Questionnaire, 2015). These questions are qualitative but once the responses have been interpreted in allocated to categories, the subsequent treatment of the data will be quantitative and analysed using quantitative statistical methods. The social environment shared by the domestic dog and their human companions unique and investigating the environment care must be taken not introduce bias by the questions asked. 1.5.2 Comparability of Responses 1.5.2.1 Outline Research Method 1 Timescales During May 2015 the survey was deployed in several different social media and forums across a number of interest groups including relating to dogs: trainers, problems, breed categories and general chat forums. The number of respondents stalled by June and further locations sort.

Essay example --

Hidden Emotions to Be Revealed The novel follows Clarissa Dalloway, the main character and other characters throughout their lives in 1923. The narrator of the book goes into the character’s mind and shows their emotion through each event that occurs throughout the day. The characters are trying to find a way to express their need for communication but also to demonstrate their need for privacy. Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, expresses the idea of hidden emotion being the sole benefactor of the actions taken by the characters aiming to instability within them. Clarissa Dalloway is the main character and the protagonist of the book Mrs. Dalloway. Clarissa Dalloway provides a unique example of the difficulty there is in finding happiness in the world. (Lauren Klein) She is 50 years old; she displays her energy and time into being a high society hostess by throwing lots of parties. Since she throws parties this is her way to convey her pathway to communication and an attempt to draw people together. In the beginning of the novel, we see Clarissa as an upper class woman who seems to be a bit shallow. (Lauren Klein) she is a bit shallow because she is the wife of a government worker and looks down on a person who doesn’t follow the social standards that are set for them. Deep down inside of her, she doesn’t feel attractive to the world because she cares a lot about what other people have to think about her. On the outside she shows that she happy and talkative but inside she is lacking confidence. She is always questioning and wondering if she is truly happy about the way that her life is. â€Å"It was, she thought, partly their clothes, partly being taken out of their ordinary ways, partly the background, it was possible to say thing... ...bservation that killing oneself is cowardly, that Septimus had fought and was brave, but that her husband was no longer Septimus– is given the task of constantly pointing things out to Septimus in an attempt to connect him to the outside world, but to no avail.† (Lauren Klein). She believes her husband has gone for the worst and he is not the Septimus that she first met and the one she decided to marry. After all in Mrs. Dalloway each character has their own flaws that they are trying to get through and reveal their hidden emotions. â€Å"They went in and out of each other’s minds without any effort.† (Woolf) this quote represents my whole paper and exactly their hidden emotions. Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, expresses the idea of hidden emotion being the sole benefactor of the actions taken by the character to stabilize their lives and feelings throughout the book.

Herbal Medicine :: essays research papers fc

Herbal Medicine I would like to start out by saying a verse from Genesis 1:29-30 â€Å"And God said, behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat. And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to everything that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat: and it was so.† This verse from the bible has a powerful, but simple meaning; all herbs shall be taken in to our body as the meat for healing. I not only believe in herbs because it is said in the bible, but because herbal medicine has the power to prevent & heal. Why?, well, its quite simple really, our bodies are organic, so, why would you want to take in something that’s inorganic, would it not be wiser to allow the body to heal with organic products. That’s exactly what you are doing when taking pain relievers, heparin, and antihypertensive medications just to name a few. In herbal medicine, the patient is empowered, and since herbs are certainly more convenient, without prescriptions or limitations, more patients can enjoy their benefits. The benefits which I’m speaking of is the ability to prevent & heal. Let’s take cardiovascular disease for example, which just happens to be the leading cause of death in the U.S., and according to Dr. David Vastola in his book To y our good health, he wrote out a section with a natural alternative for CAD and hypertension, how, well he says by taking in Omega 3, L-Carnitine, and Coenzyme Q10, that these 3 things can help a person to cope with CAD, and as for hypertension all they have to do is either to take Coenzyme Q10 or Hawthorne. Have we all here heard one time or another that ulcers are cause by stress, well, the NIH said that ulcers are caused by the helicobacterpylori bacteria, not by stress, and the NIH said that they can be â€Å"cured† with a combination of the trace mineral bismuth and tetracycline. The number two cause of death in America as we all know is Cancer, well, the NCI (Sept 1993) and Harvard Medical School performed a study on cancer patients, and the results were that they found an anti-cancer diet.

Concert Essay -- essays research papers

CONCERT REPORT #2 Beatles Z320   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For my second concert report I thought that I would write about my only experience hearing songs of the Beatles live. The Rib America Festival was hosted by The Beatles Live Repertoire. The group dressed exactly like the Beatles, even had the same names, John, Paul, George, and Ringo. I had never heard any Beatles songs live before, so that was enough to get me off my butt. Not to mention, it was free entertainment, not a bad time at all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So the show starts, and I’m not sure what to expect. Paul comes out and introduces the band, ( very good English accent ) and then started out with â€Å"I want to hold your hand â€Å". He mentioned that their songs would for the most part go in chronological order. And after comparing notes to my book, they were on track for the most part. All of the songs played before their break, were songs on albums released before Sgt. Peppers Lonely Heart Club Band. I wasn’t impressed with this song, however. No, it isn’t my favorite song, but I just wasn’t impressed by the playing of the song. The song, the beat, something was dead about the song, hard to put my finger on it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next song was â€Å"Please, Please me†. And I had never heard this song before that night, and I liked the song a lot. Then after hearing it in class, I remembered hearing it for the first time, good song. Hard Days night was their next song. And much like the first song, I do like this song, but the band didn’t do justice for the song. But this was the last song that I remembered not really liking. The rest of the songs I recall liking very much for one reason or another. The band must have just needed to warm up a little.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So, now that the band had warmed up, messed up a few good songs, but at least they didn’t start out with my favorite songs, they were ready. Their next song was â€Å"Eight Days a Week†. I like this song. I just like the beat and how the lyrics go along with it. I don’t know if that is a legitimate reason to like a song, but it’s mine. They asked for some audience participation during this song. They wanted to us to clap with the instrument break when he sings, â€Å"Hold me†¦ Love me†¦ â€Å" The audience was very participative. It seemed like the audience was having a really good t... ... am assuming that he grew up around Penny Lane. Now an interesting thing about the next song â€Å" Strawberry Fields Forever†, was that â€Å"Paul† mentioned that John(Lennon ) had never performed this song live. Now, this was hard to believe, but I think that these dudes know that they are talking about, so I guess he didn’t.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nowhere man†, â€Å"Day Tripper†, and â€Å"Imagine† were to follow â€Å"Strawberry Fields Forever†. â€Å"Nowhere Man† was written by Paul about Ringo according to â€Å"Paul†. â€Å"Imagine† was performed very well, and just a cool song all around. Good song to hear live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I knew it was drawing towards the end of the show, and I hadn’t heard the song that I really wanted hear â€Å" Revolution†. It was about a quarter till, and still no â€Å"Revolution†. â€Å"Back in the USSR†, â€Å"Come Together†, and â€Å"OB-LA-DI, OB-LA-DA†, were their final songs. I was mad, but still a very good show, and I was glad that I went. The crown wasn’t satisfied enough, and chanted for more. They finally gave in like I knew they would, and what do you think that they busted out with, oh yeah, â€Å"Revolution†. A perfect ending to a good time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Nursing, Teaching Plan

Inter American University of Puerto Rico Metropolitan Campus Department of science and technology School of nursing Carmen Torres of Tiburcio TEACHING-LEARNING PLAN FOR THE FAMILY AS CLIENT informational After nursing intervention the Intervention, the family pressure. (question and answer)pamphlets. Family were: Will be able to : II. Causes of elevated blood pressureLectureLaptop 1. Recall the definition of blood 1. Recall thePressure Definition of elevated III. Risk factors of elevated bloodDiscussion2. Identify causes of having Blood pressure pressureelevated blood pressure a. Family historyLecture3.Be familiar with signs and 2. Identify the causesb. Age (question and answer)symptoms of elevated blood Of having elevated c. High salt intakepressure Blood pressured. Obesity e. Excessive alcohol 4. Know ways how to manage 3. Be familiar with intake. The elevation of blood pressure Signs and symptoms Of elevated blood pressure IV. Management of elevated Blood pressure 4. Know ways how to manage a. diet The elevation of blood b. exercise Pressure. V. Importance of follow up Check up. I term goalAfter 6 hours ofnursinginterventions, theclient will have noelevation in bloodpressure abovenormal limits andwill maintain bloodpressure withinacceptable limits. Long term goal After 5 days ofnursinginterventions, theclient will maintainadequate cardiacoutput and cardiacindex. 1. Monitor BP every1-2 hours, or every5 minutes duringactive titration ofvasoactive drugs. 2. Monitor ECG fordysrrhythmias,conduction defectsand for heart rate. 3. Suggest frequentposition changes. 4. Encourage patientto decrease intake ofcaffeine, cola andchocolates. . Observe skincolour, temperature,capillary refill timeand diaphoresis. 6. Monitor forsudden onset ofchest pain. 7. Monitor ECG forchanges in rate,rhythm,dysrhythmias andconduction defects. 8. Observeextremities forswelling, erythema,tenderness and pain. Observe for1. To monitorbaseline data. 2. Caffeine is acardiac stimulantand may adv erselyaffect cardiacfunction. 3. These drugs haverapid action andmay decrease theblood pressure toorapidly, resulting incomplications. 4. May indicatecyanide toxicityfrom increasingintracranialpressure. 5.Input and Outputwill give anindication of fluidbalance orimbalance, thusallowing forchanges intreatment regimenwhen required. 6. May indicatedissecting aorticaneurysm. 7. Decreasedperfusion may resultin dysrhythmiascaused by decreasein oxygen. 8. Bed rest promotesvenous statis whichcan increase the riskof thromboembolus Short term goal After 8 hours ofnursinginterventions, bloodpressure maintainedwithin setparameters for theclient. Goal was met. Long term goal After 6 days ofnursinginterventions, theclient had anadequate tissueperfusion to hisbody systems. Goal was met.

New Hampshire and Deforestation

Nick Gagliardi Jay Knower Composition December 2, 2011 New Hampshire and Deforestation Many people today see New Hampshire as a woods infested state with so much beautiful nature and an incredible amount plants, lakes, and wild life. Most people who live here think there is so much forests that when deforestation occurs, they believe it doesn’t pose a threat or make a dent. The Granite State has been a victim of deforestation for many years and it has believed to be getting worse every year but to a larger group, it has been actually getting better.Could it be turning into a problem today or a bigger problem in the future? Is deforestation becoming a problem for New Hampshire? New Hampshire, with 78. 4% forest cover, is currently the second most forested state in the country with Maine being the first. However, the forest cover has been steadily declining since the 1980s. â€Å"This loss is about 17,500 acres per year, mostly due to land development† and â€Å"Every da y, the average person in the USA will consume about 4. 5 pounds of wood, that's a little over a third of a two-by-four.Over the course of a year, that adds up to a 16-18†³ tree, a hundred feet tall† (Forest Service). Each year, the nation plants more than 5 new trees for each American. Wood is a renewable resource. As long as forests are not converted by development, harvesting trees does not result in an increase of carbon in the atmosphere. Today there are certain foundations and things to do to prevent deforestation. Although we need wood to cut down for certain things, we plant three trees for every tree we cut down.This is called the 3 to 1 Ratio by Society Protecting New Hampshire Forest’s. About one hundred years ago the White Mountains didn’t look so well according to the many photographs taken of the mountain sides stripped of all the trees of what was once a virgin forest. The forest wasn’t looking so well with the â€Å"streams choked with silt from eroding hillsides, and ash from forest fires falling on nearby towns† (Govatski 2009). Factory owners had to deal with the floods after too much rain and then the droughts in the summer. Hotel wners weren’t getting any customers from the looks of things and complaints and by the twentieth century, â€Å"a growing consensus between widely diverse interests was building that something had to be done in  the White Mountains† (Govatski 2009). With still much interest in the eastern mountains, a Congressional action engaged at the turn of the last century to put off forest preserves in the massive areas of public domain land in the West. Still a lot of people form the East pursued ways to create such Forests. It mostly just focused on the southern Appalachians and the White Mountains.After a lot of failed presentations, many New England and Eastern organizations worked together to obtain an act introduced by Congressman John W. Weeks of Massachusetts. The Weeks Act was passed on Feb. 15th of 1911, signed by President Taft, which authorized â€Å"Federal purchase of forest lands at the head of navigable streams. The Act also provided for cooperation in fire control between federal and state authorities† (Govatski 2009). The Weeks Act was believed to have put in action when the â€Å"textile mills and rivers were starting to get polluted† (Pruyn).In an interview with Michele Pruyn at PSU, she noted that because of this water pollution and loss of tourists really woke a lot of New Hampshire people and the State and Federal Government. â€Å"This Weeks Act allowed the Federal and State Government to control all deforestation in NH† (Pruyn). Now that they were in charge of the forests, private land owners and factory owners were not allowed to cut wherever they wanted to or cut as many trees as they wanted. The Government had to look it over and enforce the 3 to 1 ratio rule and ban cutting near rivers and lakes beca use of water pollution.By cutting trees near water, debris could then easily get into the water and the air would then get smoggy from the cutting of the trees. Now people are only aloud to clear dead or only trees that are in polluted forests and after they would plant three trees for every tree they cut. Some say the Weeks Act saved the forests of New Hampshire. The law established a National Forest Reservation Commision to determine what lands would be purchased. It seized 9 million dollars for every 5 million acres of forest land in the Appalachians and another million for the White Mountains. By 1918 land purchase in New Hampshire culminated in the formation of the White Mountain National Forest. These were â€Å"the lands that nobody wanted† but the Weeks Law saved† (PSU). Since then New Hampshire has had a one hundred percent growth rate. Today people are concerned about what they call the â€Å"Northern Pass† and what will it do o the land what’s g oing to happen. You see many stickers on the bumpers of cars everywhere and sign in yards of all people who are against it but there are also a lot of people who believe that it will help very much.In support, people would have access to 1,200 megawatts of cheap, low-carbon, reusable hydro power which is equivalent to the Seabrook Nuclear Power Station. It would have a â€Å"New high-voltage transmission and converter capacity adding needed robustness to the North American power grid† (NNEV). Also, it will be a new source of property taxes in economically-challenged areas of NH. The Northern Pass is believed that it bring a â€Å"10 percent reduction in CO2 2018† (NNEV). Many land owners of New Hampshire are opposed to the situation relating the Northern Pass.Citizens of NH believe that it will bring a â€Å"Negative environmental impact of the towers, right-of-way, and construction† (NNEV). Also, there aren’t many people who want a big space of cleared l and near their homes with power lines and have to look at that every day. Some say that the visual impact will discourage tourism which is the regions number 1 industry. It is also believed that it will bring â€Å"Negative health effects from the electro-magnetic radiation on people living nearby and on the wildlife† NNEV).There are certainly many opinions on this ordeal and for some people you won’t ever be able to change their minds and that’s something they will always live with. The Northern Pass brings a negative effect on people regarding deforestation in NH and gives some people a positive effect to people who don’t think deforestation is a problem in NH. I think New Hampshire has so many people that want to cherish the forests here forever and never let it die and there are so many groups out there who are fighting for the land just like in the war only this is for trees and no guns are included.There is a â€Å"Conservation Alliance that contri butes $25,000 to help protect 400+ acres on Mount Monadnock† (Forest Society). It ended up being successful. Also, The Forest Society in New Hampshire is also trying to preserve 404 acres in Jaffrey and Marlborough that have old beautiful hiking trails and precious wildlife. These efforts will also protect the mountain view of Monadnock that you can see across the region. â€Å"Mount Monadnock is one of the most hiked mountains in the Western Hemisphere† (Forest Society). On your way driving to Plymouth, NH, you can see a large cloud of smoke coming from what looks like a factory.That place is called the Bridgewater Power Company and they are known for using â€Å"biomass for energy and using renewable resource with healthy transportation which is huge† (Pruyn). This place was probably started to be heard of in 1987 when it began commercial operations. â€Å"Power was constructed and brought into service in 11 months for less than $1400 per installed kilowattâ⠂¬  (BPP 2011). The plant uses biomass fuel in the form of wood chips. This fuel supply originates as low value forestry waste from the regional logging industry being a renewable resource.The smoke that comes out of the top of the power plant isn’t anything to worry about either. It is just water vapor going into the air. â€Å"The trees you burn are equal to the trees you plant and no carbon dioxide will go into the air if you do that† (Pruyn). I think this is a great way to conserve the forest in New Hampshire and gives people a warm feeling that people are making large efforts to preserve the forest. As a lot of people think that the large number (17,500) of acres that is deforested each year is a scary number, many others believe it to be getting better each year instead of worse.There are always positive and negative thinking towards changes in our state like the Northern Pass. It might make some people not very happy but I may be a good change for us. I believe that with all of the organizations and the Weeks Act, New Hampshire forests will be here for a very long time if we take care of it properly and it won’t be much of a problem for us. Work Cited BBP â€Å"Bridgewater Power Plant – New Hampshire, USA. † PSEG We Make Things Work for You. 2011. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http://www. pseg. com/family/holdings/global/plants/bridgewater. jsp Boesch, Nate. The Next Best Time to Plant a Tree: Deforestation in NH. † Conservation New Hampshire. June 2010. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http://conservationnh. org/land/the-next-best-time-to-plant-a-tree-deforestation-in-nh/ â€Å"Forest Society : Press Releases. † Forest Society: Welcome. 2004-2011. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http://www. forestsociety. org/ Govatski, David. â€Å"Weeks Act. † Home Page. White Mountain History, 2009. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. http://whitemountainhistory. org/Weeks_Act. html NNEV. â€Å"Top 5 Reasons to Support or Oppose Proposed a Northern Passa Transmiss ion Line | Facebook. † Northern New England Villages, 1 Feb. 011. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http://www. facebook. com/notes/northern-new-england-villages/top-5-reasons-to-support-or-oppose-proposed-northern-pass-transmission-line/133708956696756 State, Plymouth. â€Å"Weeks Act Centennial 2011. † Plymouth State University. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http://www. plymouth. edu/center-for-rural-partnerships/weeks-act/ Service, Forest. â€Å"Frequently Asked Questions. † US Forest Service – Caring for the Land and Serving People. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http://www. fs. fed. us/r9/forests/white_mountain/conservationed/faqs. html Interview: Michele Pruyn. Plymouth State Environmentalist

Benefits to Running Bleachers

Athletes, along with others trying to get into shape usually incorporate running bleachers into their exercise routines. This activity has a variety of health and physical fitness benefit. One obvious benefit is the ability for body to develop more efficiently than running on a flat surface. Another benefit is the increase of the heart rate. The heart rate increases because the activity is much more intense than running regularly or jogging.Jogging bleachers requires the exercise to be performed at a higher intensity. This type of workout helps to teach an individual’s cardiovascular system to recovery quickly. This is because after going up the bleachers and resting for a few seconds, the body needs to be ready to be able to work hard again once it is time to run back up. This workout is known as a cardiovascular exercise which is effective in burning calories.This helps to increase the body fat loss and allows the heart rate to elevate for at least 30 minutes. A big reason w hy most athletes run bleachers is because of its ability to increase leg power. In certain sports, such as basketball, soccer, football and track, leg power is necessary to better the performance of the player. Climbing up the bleacher requires the quadriceps and glute muscles in the legs to push off each step with force. Running bleachers also puts more of a variety into an average person’s workout.This prevents muscles from adapting and allows them to continue development. For runners, finding a set of bleachers to run can be considered a break from their same daily route, which will keep them from becoming tired. For those who are not runners, bleachers will most certainly help to work out the muscles throughout the legs. Although running bleachers can be considered cruel punishment in gym classes, it is an effective exercise that keeps the heart healthy and the legs muscular.

Biographical and Psychological Strategies Essay

Often, people would resolve into using the biographical strategy when they come into a dead end in trying to interpret a work. This is what I like about this particular strategy because it can provide answers to unanswered questions that are not possible to be derived from the work alone. Sometimes, a look at the life of the author helps in understanding a piece of literature. Some say that is a lazy man’s approach into interpreting a text but that does not mean that it is not an effective way. I believe that in all works, there is always a piece of the author in their writings, making this strategy a valid one. We simply cannot deny the fact that the works of an author are almost always influenced by his experiences. I also like how this approach becomes investigative in nature because of the â€Å"digging† of information for the authors’ lives. What I Don’t Like About Psychological Strategies Unlike biographical strategies, psychological strategies do not quite get me that excited. This strategy urges critics to look for â€Å"symbolic† meanings in every work which just complicate things. Though I understand the importance of symbols in literature, this strategy can sometimes be used too much and give symbolism into things and events that are not even meant by the author to have symbols. Though this might contradict my likeness for biographical strategies, I believe that events should (at least most of the time) stand on their own. Another thing that I do not like about psychological strategies is the Oedipus complex theory; it is just far too taboo for me to think of such things. Speaking of theory, this is what mostly this strategy is based on—theory, which means, it is not as reliable as a biographical approach because the latter is based on the lives of the authors, not on speculated ideas.

People of the PNW before 1800 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

People of the PNW before 1800 - Assignment Example Robert Gray was the captain of the ship which was commenced in 1788 (Robbins, 2002). The native communities who lived along river Columbia ranged widely in language, cultural organizations, living conditions and economic relations. There were two communities who lived in the upper river. They included The Dallas and chinookan. The Dallas communicated with Sahaptin languages, while chikookan languages reigned downriver (Robbins, 2002). Coastal people tended to live in fixed village sites due to lack of food sources. During the winter, fish and shellfish were easily harvested from estuaries and streams due to the relative mildness. In the western region, people gathered roots, seeds, nuts and berries that were harvested easily from the oak savannas and foothills (Robbins, 2002). They greatly involved themselves in trade. They not only traded with the nearby villages but also occasionally traded with the voyages in seagoing canoes from the north. The Tillamook people, occupants of the northern coast, were familiar with the trails that passed through the headlands. They also related well with the people from the North and the South. Europeans from Span, France, Russia and Britain showed interest in the last quarter of eighteenth century (Robbins, 2002). Voyages that involved Cook and Vancouver and their counterparts were made to the coast of Oregon to gather information for British, American and European communities. In addition, their exploration gave information to the world about the Native people, potential commercial resources and important information about trade (Robbins, 2002). In the following years, there was the development of fur trade that attracted a group of people known as the Mountain Men. They worked with the local Natives to supply beaver and other forms of fur to the Hudson’s Bay Company and many other companies (Tate, 2005). Some of the people used the black slave trade labor in their work. Also

Special Relationship between Britain & the United States of America Essay

Special Relationship between Britain & the United States of America since World War II - Essay Example (Sherwood Pg 442) Although Sir Winston Churchill denied every saying that but it captures the essence of the "Anglo American special relationship". The term itself was first used by Winston Churchill during his Iron Curtain speed in March 1946 to describe the warm historical, political, diplomatic, and cultural relations between Britain and the United States. However behind this simple term, the relationship between the two countries is considered to be much more complex going through what some may refer to as a rollercoaster ride; from Churchill and Roosevelt to Blair and Bush, from the Cold War alliance to the war on terror, and from the Beatles and Elvis to James Bond and Ronald McDonald. Therefore it is no surprise that the United States and Britain share the world's largest foreign direct investment partnership. American investment in Britain reached $255.4 billion in 2002, while British direct investment in the U.S. added up to a whopping $283.3 billion. This paper explores how and why the two countries worked so closely together in the early 1940s with emphasis on the two iconic personalities of Churchill and Roosevelt, the ups and downs of their political alliance, the seventies during which the relationship apparently swayed apart. The paper also discusses the relationship between Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher in which they championed a new conservative revolution both at home and abroad, and finally the special relationship in the last fifteen years, especially the relationship between Blair and Bush after the September 11 attack and the Iraq war. Since Churchill coined the term "special relationship" it has been used as shorthand for the complex network of links between the United States and Britain. This relationship can be split into three levels which include personal ties between leaders, elite cooperation and mass sentiment. The first one of these is the most common which according to most historians paralleled the personal one that existed between Roosevelt and Churchill. Similarly it was the closeness between Reagan and Thatcher that helped maintain the special relationship between the US and Britain. Even Bush and Blair are said to have close personal ties. The importance of the relationship for the two countries and for international relations is visible when one glances at the world economic order, European security, cold war diplomacy and global containment that this special relationship helped contribute to from the Second World War till the early sixties. Throughout the sixties this special relationship ranged across trade, migration, investment, communication flows, and military linkage just to name a few. Although the relationship was not without its frictions but it was nevertheless important not just to both governments but to the shaping of the post war world. A decade later William Wallace in a study of British foreign policy gave examples of the relationship as "wartime joint American/British boards, informal meetings between political leaders of the two countries, close consultation by diplomatic personnel, military and intelligence service cooperation and other instances of intergovernmental cooperation" (Wallace 1975) The one

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle - Essay Example The title 'the Unready', or more accurately 'the Ill-Advised', given to Alfred's successor derives largely from the writer of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle who was an admirer of Alfred and disappointed in his successor. The author seems so much unknown of the real dilemma that he has kept the then public views in his mind while writing and the chronicle is not written keeping the real circumstances in consideration Ethelred had to face in that era, but its all about the reiterate defeats of Ethelred. This is the main reason as to why Ethelred has gained nothing but only the bad reputation in history. Another reason is while writing 'Anglo-Saxon Chronicle', he has been compared to Alfred. In 1979 the year after the accession of King Aethelred, the Danish invasions, long unintermitted under Edgar the Peaceful, recommenced as their main objective was to plunder only, not conquest, and they repeatedly attacked in 981, 982 and 988. A period of peace in the middle of the tenth century, in which took place a great monastic reform and revival of learning, was followed by renewed Danish attacks, which continued throughout the reign of Aethelred the Unready and culminated in the conquest by Cnut. In 991 the Danes burned Ipswich, and defeated and slew the East Saxon ealdorman Brihtnoth at Maldon. After this incident, Aethelred realizing the eruption of law and order offered them a price of freedom of 10,000, just to bring peace and serenity in England. As the Danes had to give something in the form of desistion from their ravages, they were still allowed to stay in England. Next year Aethelred himself broke the peace by an attack on the Danish ships. Despite the treachery of A elfric, the English were victorious and the Danes sailed off to devastate Lindsey and Northumbria. In 994 Olaf Tryggvason, King of Norway, and King of Denmark, Sweyn Forkbeard united in a great invasion and attacked London. Frustrated by the bravery of the citizens, they sailed away and harried the coast from Essex to Hampshire. Now Aethelred had no option left except for paying another price of England, and once again he bought peace for 16,000 with a promise of supplies. Olaf after receiving such great favors assured Aethelred that he would never again come to England with hostile intent, an engagement that he faithfully kept. One of the reasons why he is acknowledged as 'The Unready' is he was not sure who to trust and who not to trust. For his defeat lies in the fact he trusted the wrong people. This led him towards the failure one after the next and finally the King of Denmark defeated him. The promise was made to Olaf Tryggvason, the King of Norway; Sweyn (the King of Denmark) was devoid of any kind of commitment made to Aethelred so he repeatedly attacked England in 997, 998, 999, and in 1000. These frequent attacks break down the national defense and made the Government weak. However Aethelred in these crucial state of affairs did what anyone could have done for the survival of his country, he offered the then Danes the sum of 24,000, but at the same time he ordered the slaughter of each and every Danish men who were in England, which was his greatest blunder. Such a violent behavior on part of the Aethelred made the situation worse and caused Sweyn to return for revenge and remained here for two yea rs. In 1005

How does the electronic medium require different tactics for effective Essay

How does the electronic medium require different tactics for effective marketing communications - Essay Example Electronic marketing establishes new avenues for junior businesses favouring them since only a modest budgeting is required to ensure that access to possible customers is made easier. Compared to any other form of marketing, e-marketing has a wider scope, enabling the marketers to interact with consumers in extensive range of manner. (Phelps et al., 2004) E-marketing offers an opportunity to provide quality and adequate information on a variety of services and products of a company or a business enterprise. Besides offering product and service information e-marketing elaborates on management, public relations, sales and customer care. Furthermore, e-marketing facilities exchange of information directly between customers and companies. This can be seen as two way communication system that enhances quality improvement through customer feedback and evaluation. E-marketing has an impressive degree of immediacy, it takes only a few minutes to express interest of purchase through simple step of clicking button to make an order or book a ticket. In other words electronic marketing is in operation all day the whole week and throughout year. There is little time difference between posting information about a product and consumers expressing interest of purchase (Phelps et al., 2004). Electronic marketing has proven to be effective and a good marketing strategy since many people has access to internet today than before. Electronic medium requires a number of tactics to enhance effective marketing communication (Martin, 2010). In order to realize the goal of electronic marketing which is having access to a larger number of customers in the shortest time possible as well as initiating difficult free business transactions, there are several tactics of marketing employed. Search engine marketing is one of the most frequently used electronic marketing. These search engines include

Combahee river corporative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Combahee river corporative - Essay Example Black women have made massive economic progress in the past four decades. Black women occupied the base step of the economic ladder of America They were involved in labor force and earned much lesser than any other nation. Richard Nixon was hostile towards black in helping them catch up with whites in any run of life. In 1970, State of the Union address, he said about blacks, "for those who make massive demands on society to make some minimal demands on themselves." The socio-economic systems along with the political system demanded the struggle against oppression. The function of education, work experience, welfare reforms and the enforcement of equal opportunity laws played a crucial role in reshaping the feminist discourse in the USA.Black women's dissatisfaction, in both women's liberation groups and civil rights, resulted in National Black Feminist Organization (NBFO) in 1973, of New York, felt the urge to form it. Disillusionment within this movement resulted in few Black Femin ist organizations; one of the most prominent of these groups was Combahee River Collective Statement. They began meetings in 1974 in Boston. The name is the conceptualization from the guerrilla action which was led by Herriet Tubman on June 2, 1863, in the Port Royal region of south California. It freed almost 750 slaves and was the only military campaign in America led by a woman. Since then, in association with other progressive organizations and movements, Combahee River Collective Statement has been in process to define and clarify the politics of power and system. It is a collective of Black feminists, who are out there to define, clarify and identify the combined racial, social and political struggle. The women of African descent, who happen to be black, were faced by the constant life-and death struggle for survival and liberation. A black feminism or womanism organization was the product of oppressed racial and sexual castes dominated by extremely negative relationship between the American political system (a system of white male rule) and them. The distribution of Material resources was unfair to those who created resources. The further division of resources, between the men and women of black inhabitants, was complicating the situation in a worse manner because they were already limited to very few educational and employment options. The deprived people were baffled by the gender differences because Black women's intellectual interests had been attacked by their peers, mainly Black males. Initially, the politics of class and race brought these black feminists together. CRC also considered "capitalism" as the main reason for Black women's oppression. In a society, one faces different problem which are inter-connected for example it is hard to detach race from class and sex oppression because they are most often experienced simultaneously. They were racially and sexually oppressed and these two features were considerable determinants in their working/ economic lives. Neither had they had the access to resources nor any form of the power. These combinations of the oppressions had formed different condition in their lives which resulted in Combahee River Collective Statement. Absolute equality and freedom are ideas of an abstract world but they are the simple solutions. They would demand the destruction of the structure of oppression. These females not only do political work as a group, but continued their individual involvement in Lesbian politics, sterilization abuse and abortion rights work. They initiated functioning as a study group and also began conversing about the possibility of starting a Black feminist publication to distribute their work. They setup a rape crisis center in Black vicinities. Organizing welfare, health care and daycare are the main concerns. They also conduct many educational workshops. They all are working for a

Special Interest Tourism in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Special Interest Tourism in the UK - Essay Example The main river, Shannon, runs through North Ireland and into independent South Ireland. The United Kingdom is a glowing economy with one of the highest per capita income in the world at 35,100. "The United Kingdom "is separated from Scotland on the north by the granite Cheviot Hills; the Pennine chain of uplands extends south through the center of England, reaching its highest point in the Lake District in the northwest. To the west along the border of Wales, a land of steep hills and valleys, are the Cambrian Mountains, while the Cotswolds, a range of hills in Gloucestershire, extend into the surrounding shires. "Important rivers flowing into the North Sea are the Thames, Humber, Tees, and Tyne. In the west are the Severn and Wye, which empty into the Bristol Channel and are navigable, as are the Mersey and Ribble" (United Kingdom: History, Geography, Government and Culture, 2009). With such a rich topography, the whole of the United Kingdom has special interest tourist locations spread out throughout the land. For this essay, we will concentrate on Harrogate in England as the special interest tourist location. Harrogate is one of the places in England, "suited for tourism owing to its special features and rural leanings. "The Harrogate district boasts a strong, resilient economy centred on a high quality built and natural environment, a culture of enterprise and a highly skilled resident workforce" (Draft Economic Strategy). "Business tourism attracts over 350,000 visitors per annum. This brings spending of 160m to the district each year and helps support around 21,000 tourism-related jobs (30% of employment) in hotels, restaurants and other related businesses" (Draft Economic Strategy). Owing to the recent worldwide recession, development in Harrogate had to be curtailed that also led to some setback to tourism. The area has to be appropriately developed with railways and roads to enable better transportation. Also, infrastructure including communication is relatively poor in the rural areas of the district. Facilities for higher education do not exist. These conditions do not severely affect tourism. However, they impact the quality of tourism in the area that can only improve with proper infrastructure and education. Evidently, the urban-rural connection in the region is imbalanced but the rural areas are poised for better organizational growth with initiatives from the local authority and its partnership with the sub-regional tourism and coastal tourism bodies. There has been a growth of 75% in the tourism industry in the last twelve months in Harrogate. The region attracts footfalls not only locally but also from other countries such as Germany, Netherlands, Slovenia, and Eastern European nations. This is indicative of the rich potential that exists in Harrogate as a tourist centre in Europe (Suckling, Helen et al; 2010). The

Take a filed trip to a toy store or toy section of a sopping Essay

Take a filed trip to a toy store or toy section of a sopping center....... the rest of the question you will see it when i uploa - Essay Example Gender by itself is neutral and does not have any significance other than its biological function until society provided a meaning to it through social construct. In its primitive definition, gender through its genitalia only serves the call of nature to excrete waste from our body. As toddlers, we are not even aware of it nor cared about it because society’s definition and construct of gender roles is not yet imposed on us. Until of course we begin to grow up and begin to interact with her various elements that begun with our parents who call us boy or girl and assign us roles in multitude of ways from labeling us as boy or girl and with it, the expectation and the roles we should play. Thus, we are told not to do this or that because we are girl or boy or told to do this or that because we are a girl or boy as a part of instilling social construct to us. Toys help create and reinforce strict definitions of gender. Toy is one of the implements of society that effectively defi nes to us the meaning and significance of our gender. It helps us to reinforce what should be a male or female through the symbolism and functionality of toys. You can call it brainwashing because it practices to perform the roles and functions expected of us by society at large. For example, girls play dolls because they are expected to be nurturers and dolls serves as a practicing kit on how to perform such role. Boys on the other hand plays trade tools such as cars, helmet etch as a conditioning tool that they ought to have a craft or a job to be a man as a expected by society. These toys have social meanings as well. For the toys of the boys, they convey   Ã¢â‚¬Å"control, strength,  efficiency, competitiveness, toughness, coolness under pressure† (Flores, nd) while for the girls, their toys also orients them about †cooperation, mutuality, equality, sharing compassion, caring,...emotional expressiveness† (Johnson cited in Flores, nd). In a way, social constr uction perpetuates gender stereotyping as it already â€Å"boxes† us into gender roles beginning from our childhood. Such, when one enters a toy store as an adult, one cannot help but be drawn to the section to the gender that we are oriented to. The imposition of society’s social construction of gender manifests when we visit a store because we are drawn to the section of the toys (male or female section) where our respective genders are oriented or accustomed to. These toys however are more than tools of fun. They are also symbolisms of what is expected of us or as our training of the roles that we have to play in society. For example, As a male, one is expected to play only with toys that reinforce his gender role or identities. Role that is expected of him by his peers (which could be very strong if he is adolescent) to be strong, virile, rough and competitive. Thus, he would be expected to play cars, guns, robots, swords or any symbols of the toy that represent an d reinforce his virile masculinity which is necessary for his role in society. Women on the other hand will manifests similar attachment to toys that her gender is oriented to. She may find it uncomfortable to be in the men’s section of toy store and instead will play with dolls that reinforce her gender role. Thus, it would not be an exaggeration to say that social construction which is â€Å"how society groups people† exerts such a powerful influence on us that it dictates

Human recourse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human recourse - Essay Example Human resource department is mandated to advertise job postings, screen applicants, carry out preliminary interviews and organize hiring efforts together with managers responsible for making the final judgment on selection. Another important function of human resource is to ensure safety training and sustain federally authorized logs workplace fatality reporting. In addition, the human resource department is charged with the responsibility of providing compensation and benefits to the employees. Human resource are also mandated to provide their employees with the necessary tools, which means that they should give new employees broad orientation training to help them transit to the new organization culture. Compliance to the employment and labor laws is a critical function of the human resource department. The human resource practitioners must be knowledgeable of the state and federal employment laws such as Labor Standards, Title VII of the civil rights among other laws. By using the basic human resource tools such as organizational redesign, job redesign process redesign and competency model development, businesses are able to effectively align their support and selling processes to the changing business realities. Human resource brings value to any business by executing the strategies through constructing organizational capability. The human resource department is considered as a link between the products an organization offers and the employees it hires. An efficiently run human resource department can be crucial to guarantee that a business runs efficiently and smoothly daily. The basic role human resource in relation to the workforce is to training of the new workforce. Human resource experts should provide plenty of training on particular skills that employees need to help them work effectively. They are also responsible of f facilitating communication in the work force. Change is one of the frightening things to a work force. Therefore,